wolfssl/wolfssh

This is the Espressif Component Version of `wolfSSH 1.4.15-stable-preview6`. There were some ESP32-specific updates applied after the official release of [wolfSSH 1.4.15-stable](https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfSSH/releases/tag/v1.4.15-stable) and thus is labeled as a pre-release. For questions or beta test of this library, please send a message to support@wolfssl.com See the [wolfSSH Manual](https://www.wolfssl.com/documentation/manuals/wolfssh/index.html). This wolfssh component requires [wolfssl](https://components.espressif.com/components/wolfssl/wolfssl). The [wolfSSL embedded TLS library](https://www.wolfssl.com/products/wolfssl/) is a lightweight, portable, C-language-based SSL/TLS library targeted at IoT, embedded, and RTOS environments primarily because of its size, speed, and feature set. It works seamlessly in desktop, enterprise, and cloud environments as well. wolfSSL supports industry standards up to the current [TLS 1.3](https://www.wolfssl.com/tls13) and DTLS 1.3, is up to 20 times smaller than OpenSSL, offers a simple API, an OpenSSL compatibility layer, OCSP and CRL support, is backed by the robust [wolfCrypt cryptography library](https://github.com/wolfssl/wolfssl/tree/master/wolfcrypt), and much more. The [CMVP](https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program-cmvp) has issued FIPS 140-2 Certificates [#3389](https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/certificate/3389) (see [Security Policy PDF](https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/documents/security-policies/140sp3389.pdf)), and [#2425](https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/certificate/2425) for the wolfCrypt Module developed by wolfSSL Inc. For more information, see our [FIPS FAQ](https://www.wolfssl.com/license/fips/) or contact fips@wolfssl.com. # wolfSSH Examples Included with the `wolfssh` component are two examples: ## Template Examples This is a bare-bones example showing how an initial, blank project might look with the wolfssl and wolfssh components. ## SSH Echo Server This is an example SSH server for the ESP32 based on the [echoserver](https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssh/tree/master/examples/echoserver). Before flashing your device, please be sure to set your WiFi SSDI and Password: ``` idf.py menuconfig ``` To login, there are two hard-coded username and passwords: user: jill password: upthehill user: jack password: fetchapail Upon a successful login, the echo server will simply send back any keypress received. Observe the console monitor output to see what IP address your echoserver was assigned. # Getting Started with wolfSSL Check out the Examples on the right pane of the [wolfssl component page](https://components.espressif.com/components/wolfssl/wolfssl/). Typically you need only 4 lines to run an example from scratch in the EDP-IDF environment: ``` . ~/esp/esp-idf/export.sh idf.py create-project-from-example "wolfssl/wolfssl^5.6.0-stable:wolfssl_benchmark" cd wolfssl_benchmark idf.py -b 115200 flash monitor ``` or for VisualGDB: ``` . /mnt/c/SysGCC/esp32/esp-idf/v5.1/export.sh ``` ### Espressif Component Notes Here are some ESP Registry-specific details of the wolfssh component. #### Component Name The naming convention of the build-system name of a dependency installed by the component manager is always `namespace__component`. The namespace for wolfSSL is `wolfssl`. The build-system name is thus `wolfssl__wolfssl`. We'll soon be publishing `wolfssl__wolfssh`, `wolfssl__wolfmqtt` and more. A project `cmakelists.txt` doesn't need to mention it at all when using wolfSSL as a managed component. #### Component Manager To check which version of the [Component Manager](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/idf-component-manager/en/latest/getting_started/index.html#checking-the-idf-component-manager-version) is currently available, use the command: ``` python -m idf_component_manager -h ``` The Component Manager should have been installed during the [installation of the ESP-IDF](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/get-started/#installation). If your version of ESP-IDF doesn't come with the IDF Component Manager, you can [install it](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/idf-component-manager/en/latest/guides/updating_component_manager.html#installing-and-updating-the-idf-component-manager): ``` python -m pip install --upgrade idf-component-manager ``` For further details on the Espressif Component Manager, see the [idf-component-manager repo](https://github.com/espressif/idf-component-manager/). #### Contact Have a specific request or questions? We'd love to hear from you! Please contact us at [support@wolfssl.com](mailto:support@wolfssl.com?subject=Espressif%20Component%20Question) or [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/issues/new/choose). # Licensing and Support wolfSSL (formerly known as CyaSSL) and wolfCrypt are either licensed for use under the GPLv2 (or at your option any later version) or a standard commercial license. For our users who cannot use wolfSSL under GPLv2 (or any later version), a commercial license to wolfSSL and wolfCrypt is available. See the [LICENSE.txt](./LICENSE.txt), visit [wolfssl.com/license](https://www.wolfssl.com/license/), contact us at [licensing@wolfssl.com](mailto:licensing@wolfssl.com?subject=Espressif%20Component%20License%20Question) or call +1 425 245 8247 View Commercial Support Options: [wolfssl.com/products/support-and-maintenance](https://www.wolfssl.com/products/support-and-maintenance/) WOLFSSH ======= wolfSSL's Embeddable SSH Server [wolfSSH Manual](https://www.wolfssl.com/docs/wolfssh-manual/) dependencies ------------ [wolfSSH](https://www.wolfssl.com/wolfssh/) is dependent on [wolfCrypt](https://www.wolfssl.com/download/), found as a part of wolfSSL. The following is the simplest configuration of wolfSSL to enable wolfSSH. $ cd wolfssl $ ./configure [OPTIONS] --enable-ssh $ make check $ sudo make install On some systems the optional ldconfig command is needed after installing. To use the key generation function in wolfSSH, wolfSSL will need to be configured with keygen: `--enable-keygen`. When using X.509 certificates for user authentication, wolfSSL must be built with TLS enabled. wolfSSH uses wolfSSL's certificate manager system for X.509, including OCSP lookups. To allow OCSP, add `--enable-ocsp` to the wolfSSL configure. If the bulk of wolfSSL code isn't desired, wolfSSL can be configured with the crypto only option: `--enable-cryptonly`. Additional build options for wolfSSL are located in [chapter two](https://www.wolfssl.com/docs/wolfssl-manual/ch2/). of the wolfSSH manual. building -------- From the wolfSSH source directory run: $ ./autogen.sh $ ./configure --with-wolfssl=[/usr/local] $ make $ make check The `autogen.sh` script only has to be run the first time after cloning the repository. If you have already run it or are using code from a source archive, you should skip it. For building under Windows with Visual Studio, see the file "ide/winvs/README.md". NOTE: On resource constrained devices the `DEFAULT_WINDOW_SZ` may need to be set to a lower size. It can also be increased in desktop use cases to help with large file transfers. By default channels are set to receive up to 128kB of data before sending a channel window adjust message. An example of setting a window size for new channels would be as follows `./configure CPPFLAGS="-DDEFAULT_WINDOW_SZ=16384"` For 32bit Linux platforms you can add support for files > 2GB by compling with `CFLAGS=-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64`. examples -------- The directory `examples` contains an echoserver that any client should be able to connect to. From the terminal run: $ ./examples/echoserver/echoserver -f The option `-f` enables echo-only mode. From another terminal run: $ ssh jill@localhost -p 22222 When prompted for a password, enter "upthehill". The server will send a canned banner to the client: wolfSSH Example Echo Server Characters typed into the client will be echoed to the screen by the server. If the characters are echoed twice, the client has local echo enabled. The echoserver isn't being a proper terminal so the CR/LF translation will not work as expected. The following control characters will trigger special actions in the echoserver: - CTRL-C: Terminate the connection. - CTRL-E: Print out some session statistics. - CTRL-F: Trigger a new key exchange. testing notes ------------- After cloning the repository, be sure to make the testing private keys read-only for the user, otherwise `ssh` will tell you to do it. $ chmod 0600 ./keys/gretel-key-rsa.pem ./keys/hansel-key-rsa.pem \ ./keys/gretel-key-ecc.pem ./keys/hansel-key-ecc.pem Authentication against the example echoserver can be done with a password or public key. To use a password the command line: $ ssh -p 22222 USER@localhost Where the *USER* and password pairs are: jill:upthehill jack:fetchapail To use public key authentication use the command line: $ ssh -i ./keys/USER-key-TYPE.pem -p 22222 USER@localhost Where the *USER* can be `gretel` or `hansel`, and *TYPE* is `rsa` or `ecc`. Keep in mind, the echoserver has several fake accounts in its `wsUserAuth()` callback function. (jack, jill, hansel, and gretel) When the shell support is enabled, those fake accounts will not work. They don't exist in the system's _passwd_ file. The users will authenticate, but the server will err out because they don't exist in the system. You can add your own username to the password or public key list in the echoserver. That account will be logged into a shell started by the echoserver with the privileges of the user running echoserver. EXAMPLE TOOLS ============= wolfSSH comes packaged with a few example tools for testing purposes and to demonstrate interoperability with other SSH implementations. echoserver ---------- The echoserver is the workhorse of wolfSSH. It originally only allowed one to authenticate one of the canned account and would repeat the characters typed into it. When enabling [shell support](#shell-support), it can spawn a user shell. It will need an actual user name on the machine and an updated user authentication callback function to validate the credentials. The echoserver can also handle SCP and SFTP connections. The echoserver tool accepts the following command line options: -1 exit after a single (one) connection -e expect ECC public key from client -E use ECC private key -f echo input -p <num> port to accept on, default 22222 -N use non-blocking sockets -d <string> set the home directory for SFTP connections -j <file> load in a public key to accept from peer client ------ The client establishes a connection to an SSH server. In its simplest mode, it sends the string "Hello, wolfSSH!" to the server, prints the response, and then exits. With the pseudo terminal option, the client will be a real client. The client tool accepts the following command line options: -h <host> host to connect to, default 127.0.0.1 -p <num> port to connect on, default 22222 -u <username> username to authenticate as (REQUIRED) -P <password> password for username, prompted if omitted -e use sample ecc key for user -i <filename> filename for the user's private key -j <filename> filename for the user's public key -x exit after successful connection without doing read/write -N use non-blocking sockets -t use psuedo terminal -c <command> executes remote command and pipe stdin/stdout -a Attempt to use SSH-AGENT portfwd ------- The portfwd tool establishes a connection to an SSH server and sets up a listener for local port forwarding or requests a listener for remote port forwarding. After a connection, the tool terminates. The portfwd tool accepts the following command line options: -h <host> host to connect to, default 127.0.0.1 -p <num> port to connect on, default 22222 -u <username> username to authenticate as (REQUIRED) -P <password> password for username, prompted if omitted -F <host> host to forward from, default 0.0.0.0 -f <num> host port to forward from (REQUIRED) -T <host> host to forward to, default to host -t <num> port to forward to (REQUIRED) scpclient --------- The scpclient, wolfscp, establishes a connection to an SSH server and copies the specified files from or to the local machine. The scpclient tool accepts the following command line options: -H <host> host to connect to, default 127.0.0.1 -p <num> port to connect on, default 22222 -u <username> username to authenticate as (REQUIRED) -P <password> password for username, prompted if omitted -L <from>:<to> copy from local to server -S <from>:<to> copy from server to local sftpclient ---------- The sftpclient, wolfsftp, establishes a connection to an SSH server and allows directory navigation, getting and putting files, making and removing directories, etc. The sftpclient tool accepts the following command line options: -h <host> host to connect to, default 127.0.0.1 -p <num> port to connect on, default 22222 -u <username> username to authenticate as (REQUIRED) -P <password> password for username, prompted if omitted -d <path> set the default local path -N use non blocking sockets -e use ECC user authentication -l <filename> local filename -r <filename> remote filename -g put local filename as remote filename -G get remote filename as local filename server ------ This tool is a place holder. SCP === wolfSSH includes server-side support for scp, which includes support for both copying files 'to' the server, and copying files 'from' the server. Both single file and recursive directory copy are supported with the default send and receive callbacks. To compile wolfSSH with scp support, use the `--enable-scp` build option or define `WOLFSSL_SCP`: $ ./configure --enable-scp $ make For full API usage and implementation details, please see the wolfSSH User Manual. The wolfSSL example server has been set up to accept a single scp request, and is compiled by default when compiling the wolfSSH library. To start the example server, run: $ ./examples/server/server Standard scp commands can be used on the client side. The following are a few examples, where `scp` represents the ssh client you are using. To copy a single file TO the server, using the default example user "jill": $ scp -P 22222 <local_file> jill@127.0.0.1:<remote_path> To copy the same single file TO the server, but with timestamp and in verbose mode: $ scp -v -p -P 22222 <local_file> jill@127.0.0.1:<remote_path> To recursively copy a directory TO the server: $ scp -P 22222 -r <local_dir> jill@127.0.0.1:<remote_dir> To copy a single file FROM the server to the local client: $ scp -P 22222 jill@127.0.0.1:<remote_file> <local_path> To recursively copy a directory FROM the server to the local client: $ scp -P 22222 -r jill@127.0.0.1:<remote_dir> <local_path> PORT FORWARDING =============== wolfSSH provides support for port forwarding. This allows the user to set up an encrypted tunnel to another server, where the SSH client listens on a socket and forwards connections on that socket to another socket on the server. To compile wolfSSH with port forwarding support, use the `--enable-fwd` build option or define `WOLFSSH_FWD`: $ ./configure --enable-fwd $ make For full API usage and implementation details, please see the wolfSSH User Manual. The portfwd example tool will create a "direct-tcpip" style channel. These directions assume you have OpenSSH's server running in the background with port forwarding enabled. This example forwards the port for the wolfSSL client to the server as the application. It assumes that all programs are run on the same machine in different terminals. src/wolfssl$ ./examples/server/server src/wolfssh$ ./examples/portfwd/portfwd -p 22 -u <username> \ -f 12345 -t 11111 src/wolfssl$ ./examples/client/client -p 12345 By default, the wolfSSL server listens on port 11111. The client is set to try to connect to port 12345. The portfwd logs in as user "username", opens a listener on port 12345 and connects to the server on port 11111. Packets are routed back and forth between the client and server. "Hello, wolfSSL!" The source for portfwd provides an example on how to set up and use the port forwarding support in wolfSSH. The echoserver will handle local and remote port forwarding. To connect with the ssh tool, using one of the following command lines. You can run either of the ssh command lines from anywhere: src/wolfssl$ ./examples/server/server src/wolfssh$ ./examples/echoserver/echoserver anywhere 1$ ssh -p 22222 -L 12345:localhost:11111 jill@localhost anywhere 2$ ssh -p 22222 -R 12345:localhost:11111 jill@localhost src/wolfssl$ ./examples/client/client -p 12345 This will allow port forwarding between the wolfSSL client and server like in the previous example. SFTP ==== wolfSSH provides server and client side support for SFTP version 3. This allows the user to set up an encrypted connection for managing file systems. To compile wolfSSH with SFTP support, use the `--enable-sftp` build option or define `WOLFSSH_SFTP`: $ ./configure --enable-sftp $ make For full API usage and implementation details, please see the wolfSSH User Manual. The SFTP client created is located in the directory examples/sftpclient/ and the server is ran using the same echoserver as with wolfSSH. src/wolfssh$ ./examples/sftpclient/wolfsftp A full list of supported commands can be seen with typeing "help" after a connection. wolfSSH sftp> help Commands : cd <string> change directory chmod <mode> <path> change mode get <remote file> <local file> pulls file(s) from server ls list current directory mkdir <dir name> creates new directory on server put <local file> <remote file> push file(s) to server pwd list current path quit exit rename <old> <new> renames remote file reget <remote file> <local file> resume pulling file reput <remote file> <local file> resume pushing file <crtl + c> interrupt get/put cmd An example of connecting to another system would be src/wolfssh$ ./examples/sftpclient/wolfsftp -p 22 -u user -h 192.168.1.111 SHELL SUPPORT ============= wolfSSH's example echoserver can now fork a shell for the user trying to log in. This currently has only been tested on Linux and macOS. The file echoserver.c must be modified to have the user's credentials in the user authentication callback, or the user authentication callback needs to be changed to verify the provided password. To compile wolfSSH with shell support, use the `--enable-shell` build option or define `WOLFSSH_SHELL`: $ ./configure --enable-shell $ make By default, the echoserver will try to start a shell. To use the echo testing behavior, give the echoserver the command line option `-f`. $ ./examples/echoserver/echoserver -f POST-QUANTUM ============ wolfSSH now supports the post-quantum algorithm Kyber. It uses the NIST submission's Level 1 parameter set implemented by liboqs via an integration with wolfSSH. It is hybridized with ECDHE over the P-256 ECC curve. In order be able to use liboqs, you must have it built and installed on your system. We support the 0.7.0 release of liboqs. You can download it from the following link: https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/liboqs/archive/refs/tags/0.7.0.tar.gz Once unpacked, this would be sufficient: $ cd liboqs-0.7.0 $ mkdir build $ cd build $ cmake -DOQS_USE_OPENSSL=0 .. $ make all $ sudo make install In order to enable support for Kyber Level1 hybridized with ECDHE over the P-256 ECC curve in wolfSSH, use the `--with-liboqs` build option during configuration: $ ./configure --with-liboqs The wolfSSH client and server will automatically negotiate using Kyber Level1 hybridized with ECDHE over the P-256 ECC curve if this feature is enabled. $ ./examples/echoserver/echoserver -f $ ./examples/client/client -u jill -P upthehill On the client side, you will see the following output: Server said: Hello, wolfSSH! If you want to see inter-operability with OpenQauntumSafe's fork of OpenSSH, you can build and execute the fork while the echoserver is running. Download the release from here: https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/openssh/archive/refs/tags/OQS-OpenSSH-snapshot-2021-08.tar.gz The following is sufficient for build and execution: $ tar xmvf openssh-OQS-OpenSSH-snapshot-2021-08.tar.gz $ cd openssh-OQS-OpenSSH-snapshot-2021-08/ $ ./configure --with-liboqs-dir=/usr/local $ make all $ ./ssh -o"KexAlgorithms=ecdh-nistp256-kyber-512r3-sha256-d00@openquantumsafe.org" \ -o"PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms +ssh-rsa" \ -o"HostkeyAlgorithms +ssh-rsa" \ jill@localhost -p 22222 NOTE: when prompted, enter the password which is "upthehill". You can type a line of text and when you press enter, the line will be echoed back. Use CTRL-C to terminate the connection. CERTIFICATE SUPPORT =================== wolfSSH can accept X.509 certificates in place of just public keys when authenticating a user. To compile wolfSSH with X.509 support, use the `--enable-certs` build option or define `WOLFSSH_CERTS`: $ ./configure --enable-certs $ make To provide a CA root certificate to validate a user's certificate, give the echoserver the command line option `-a`. $ ./examples/echoserver/echoserver -a ./keys/ca-cert-ecc.pem The echoserver and client have a fake user named "john" whose certificate will be used for authentication. An example echoserver / client connection using the example certificate john-cert.der would be: $ ./examples/echoserver/echoserver -a ./keys/ca-cert-ecc.pem -K john:./keys/john-cert.der $ ./examples/client/client -u john -J ./keys/john-cert.der -i ./keys/john-key.der WOLFSSH APPLICATIONS ==================== wolfSSH comes with a server daemon and a command line shell tool. Check out the apps directory for more information.

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